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The United States of America's oldest public park, Boston Common was purchased by its citizens in 1634 for 30 Pounds and officially set aside
as public or "common" land by a vote in 1640. The park's original purpose was for military training grounds and a place for grazing cattle.
Just prior to the Revolution, "Sons of Liberty" or early dissenters of
British rule, were said to have adorned the "Great Elm" with lanterns to symbolize unity. The
Great Elm, known as Boston's "oldest inhabitant" for
many years, was destroyed during a huge storm in 1876. After independence
was gained, it is very likely that criminals were hanged upon the limbs of
this great tree (Quakers were hanged at
Boston Neck).
Boston Common has its place in military history. British troops gathered there in 1758
before the 2nd Battle of Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, during the French and Indian War. Soldiers were recruited there in 1759, just before the decisive second Siege of Quebec. In the American Revolution, Boston Common had trenches, artillery, and a powder house. British forces assembled there before the Battle of Lexington and Concord in
1775, and also before the Battle of Bunker Hill. About 1,700 "Red Coats" spent the winter of 1775-76 at the Common in preparation for a
possible attack by George Washington. During the American Civil War,
Governor Andrews gave inspiring speeches to the troops at the Common before sending them to the
southern fronts.
In modern times, Boston Common is used for recreation. It's a place to escape from the bustle of the city. There are several "malls," or broad walkways, where
people stroll to relax and get a little exercise. Occasionally, one may see a political protest or a voting drive at Boston's
downtown "centerpiece."
A famous duel took place on the
Common in 1728.
Central Burying Ground, dating from 1756 and where Gilbert Stuart is
buried, is located within Boston Common. The site of the
Liberty Tree, also, is just one block from the
southeast corner of the Common not far from the cemetery.
The beautiful Brewer Fountain is
located at Park and Tremont Streets, within the grounds of the Common. The
Soldiers & Sailors Monument
stands on a hill overlooking the Frog Pond.
Trivia: What was Boston Common originally called?
Answer: Sentry Field
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